M16 Assault Rifle

"An assault rifle. This shit's gettin more like 'Nam every second."

- Bill

"Man, I wanted this rifle since I was nine!"

- Ellis

The Assault Rifle (M-16 Assault Rifle in Left 4 Dead 2) is a tier 2 replacement for the Submachine Gun and Silenced Submachine Gun with higher damage and better accuracy. It holds 50 rounds with a 360 round reserve, having less total ammo than the two submachine guns, but being a better overall weapon. The assault rifle is the best choice as a general use firearm, as it is adaptable to most situations.

Tactics
The assault rifle is a weapon that is mostly effective in medium-range combat, as opposed to the short-range Auto Shotgun and the long-range Hunting Rifle. It is a very flexible weapon, however, adept at picking off Special Infected from a distance and piercing multiple Common Infected. It has a relatively high piercing power, but not quite as high as the hunting rifle. Its high piercing power makes it a useful weapon for clearing rooms full of Infected or destroying oncoming hordes. The assault rifle is also the best weapon for fighting Tanks, due to the auto shotgun's damage penalty against them.

Assault rifle ammo is easy to waste. The weapon trades ammo capacity for accuracy and damage, and this must be used to full advantage to be effective. The assault rifle generally needs only two or three shots to do its job, and any more hampers its accuracy at mid to long range. Thus, burst firing or "headhunting" is highly recommended at medium to long ranges. Since all Infected run at the same height (except the Mudmen) this works very well. A technique that seems to work pretty well on Xbox 360 to conserve ammo is to do a quick full trigger squeeze, which will fire 2 rounds. This can be useful when shooting long range and is effective on most difficulty settings except for Expert.

The assault rifle's tighter cone of fire makes it safer than the Auto Shotgun when firing near other Survivors, but on higher difficulties it struggles to keep up with the increased health of the Common Infected, requiring 3 hits to kill one on Expert whereas the other tier 2 weapons only need one. Additionally, the mid-range effectiveness of the assault rifle is shared with the Pistols, meaning that taking the assault rifle sacrifices some flexibility.

In a group of four on finales, it's a good idea to have two people with Auto Shotguns and two people with Assault Rifles, get in a closet or similar point which causes the Infected to file in slowly, the two people with the shotguns crouch and shoot or use melee, while the two people with the assault rifles stand behind them and fire at the Infected as they approach. This is obviously ineffective against the Tank. It is also ineffective in Left 4 Dead 2, as the Director will spawn a Spitter to prevent Survivors from staying in one place for too long.

Left 4 Dead 2
The Assault Rifle returns in Left 4 Dead 2, but has some new animations and a new name "M-16 Assault Rifle". The most notable change is its accuracy nerf, with approximately 60% accuracy of the old Assault Rifle. Compared to the other two rifles (AK-47 and SCAR), it's the "Middle of the road" assault rifle. It balances stopping power and damage with accuracy and range, making it good for almost any situation.

Behind the Scenes
Early screenshots show that the assault rifle lacked text on its left side at one time.

When the assault rifle was drawn in early versions of the game, the character would pull the charging handle as soon as he took the gun out. The sound for this animation is still played when the assault rifle is drawn out in the final version of the game.

The assault rifle is based on Counter-Strike ' s M4A1 assault rifle. Its "price" in the gun's weapon file is the same as the M4A1's, and it references the M4A1 in its "animation" listing. Its firing sounds are slightly modified versions of the sounds used for the M4A1.

== 	Notes ==

* 		The assault rifle is modeled after the M16A2, but behaves like an M16A3.

* 		The in-game texture states that this rifle is produced by the fictional company American Armory as the M16A2. However, it is actually based on the M16A3: the M16A2 is capable of firing in three-round bursts while the M16A3 is capable of fully automatic fire.

* 		It has 360 reserve ammo, so it may have originally had its real life capacity of 30 rounds.

* 		The M16 was the standard American weapon during the Vietnam War, of which Bill is a veteran. This explains why his AI chooses this gun whenever given the opportunity, and why he will sometimes remark, "Damn, now this takes me back!" upon doing so.

* 		The M16A2's real life counter-part actually behaves like the SCAR found in Left 4 Dead 2 - it shoots 3-round bursts and isn't automatic due to the amount of ammunition wasted during automatic fire. However, it was made automatic because Counter-Strike ' s original weapon was a M4A1(The original M4 is still safe-semi-burst), a gun designed in the 1980s to be an automatic version and an easier-to-handle version of the M16.

* 		The Assault Rifle's HUD icon does not show the flashlight mounted on the gun.

* 		On the left side of the M16 in Left 4 Dead 2, it says "AR2", reference to the "Overwatch Standard Issue Pulse Rifle" from the Half Life series.

* 		It is unknown whether Valve read Max Brooks' "The Zombie Survival Guide", but in the book (and for most other firearm related survivor situations) M16's are often shunned due to un-reliability and complicated issues with the rifle, making it an ironic choice for the Left 4 Dead franchise.

**				In the same book, author Max Brooks recounts a fact from the Vietnam War: The original M16 was regarded as such a needlessly complex and unreliable weapon that Viet Cong guerrillas refused to loot them from fallen American troops. Max also comments that the M16A2 is regarded as an improvement, if only just.

**				The unreliability of the M16 is generally overstated, and had more to do with poor maintenance then actual problems with the weapon.

*		In some Campaign Posters, the M16 will sometimes look like an M4A1 with or without a scope. Examples of this are The Passing, Dark Carnival, Swamp Fever and Death Toll posters.

*		The M16A2, opposed to the AKM, is very sensitive to dirt, sand, mud and water (the M16's barrel will actually explode if it has water in it). The weapon is very unreliable in hostile environments. The M16A2 in real life would be a poor choice in Swamp Fever and Hard Rain for obvious reasons, but it is effective in urban combat. Another problem with the M16, it's direct-port gas system, that cycles gas directly into the weapon's innards, gunks up the weapon and causes it to jam.