Bugs

Bugs (or Glitches, as they are sometimes known) are an unwanted result of a coding or programming error in a video game. There used to be many bugs in Left 4 Dead that were used to gain achievements or an advantage in Versus, or used just for fun. Bugs are normally fixed by a patch downloaded from the developers, so normally a very well known bug won't exist for long.

Left 4 Dead
1) Death Toll -, 2) No Mercy - , 3) Dead Air - , 4) Blood Harvest - <--- This is by far the hardest of all 4 campaigns to complete
 * In the first chapter of No Mercy, when playing as the Infected in Versus Mode, there is a military vehicle protruding through the wall of the apartments on the bottom floor. If you go within a few feet of the vehicle, you die instantly for no apparent reason and tanks will constantly take 400 damage.This also applies for survivors.
 * If a Survivor is standing next to an object that cannot be moved, and a Tank punches them into the object, the Survivor will get stuck. The Survivors will not be able to use any guns, or items while stuck. The only actions possible are spinning in circles and turning your flashlight on and off. It is possible to be freed by being pounced by a Hunter or getting incapacitated. (You will teleport back to the other survivors after a set amount of time.)
 * On occasion if you touch an object previously punched by a Tank, you may be killed. (May be due to the fact the object is moving slightly. Even if they're moving noticeably slow, objects can still incap survivors.)
 * "Crouch Running" - It is possible to crouch and go running speed as both Infected or Survivor, this glitch was not removed with an update because it is virtually un-exploitable.
 * A strange turret glitch with the new campaign Crash Course, as seen in this video. This occurs when you stand on top of the machine gun turret and operate it. This bug is commonly referred to by players as "Doing the Monkey".
 * In the Crash Course DLC (possibly other campaigns, untested), in Versus mode; Special Infected can be killed by shooting where they are standing (during spawn period) before they have spawned.
 * In the Xbox 360 game (possibly PC version as well) it is possible to start a Versus mode game against a team entirely composed of computers. This is caused when 2 or more people are playing and 1 of them joins the Infected team and the other is a Survivor, although the Survivor cannot be the host. If the Survivor goes to the menu to change characters, the host can restart the server with the Survivor on the Infected team. This is actually still possible and serves as a great way to practice your Infected tactics such as hiding spots and Hunter wall jumps. You will only be able to spawn at the beginning of a campaign (No Mercy's "The Apartments" for example), as the A.I. do not open Safe Room doors, most likely to avoid irritating players. UPDATE: There have been some reports of the A.I. opening the Safe Room doors if you wait long enough (this has been tested on PC but not Xbox 360)
 * If a player is healing someone and the person being healed is constricted by a Smoker and pulled away, a glitch will allow the person to be healed while dragged.
 * If a Witch is on the other side of a door and a player opens it, she will not be startled but instead act as if she has killed a Survivor and run off.
 * If you start to reload and then pause your game, the reload will still continue. However, when you resume the game you will have to reload again. This works best on an auto shotgun. If you use all of the shells, pause and then reload the game at the eighth shell. It will reload the other two. Resuming the game will cause it to reload all 10 shells. However, it will still say eight shells until the ninth and 10th are entered into the gun. This glitch is only effective on the PC version.
 * On Xbox 360, you can make expert campaigns easier using the safe room exploitation. You need to be playing multiplayer online (non-versus) and everyone in your game must understand what to do because they play a role. First, play through any campaign on easy until you reach the safe room before the finale. After the finale is loaded, DO NOT, I repeat, DO NOT exit the safe room. Call a vote to return to the lobby. Once back in the lobby, change the difficulty to expert and change the level to the finale. Once you have done this, load the game. You should start in the same safe room before you called the vote to return to the lobby. All your progress for the campaign has been instantly changed so it counts towards expert completion. However, you must complete the finale level on expert which can be very difficult. It is recommended to use campaign-specific finale exploits/methods to make the finale easier. Recommendations are listed below in order of increasing difficulty:

Left 4 Dead 2

 * If you deploy an ammo pack before you end a Chapter in a safe room or anywhere you can re-visit you can actually get two lots out of it as long as it is still there, so 3 people can take from it, but it must still be there. This can be useful on finale's with the safe room close to the actual Crescendo Event in case you need some extra fire power. (Works with Incendiary Ammo, Explosive is untested.)
 * Many players have reported unexpected crashing as a result of loading or connecting to a server in spite of the most recent Left 4 Dead 2 patch fix. This may include an abrupt exit to the desktop without showing an error message, or errors such as a C++ runtime library error. A fix has not yet been released, but it is suspected to be due to inefficiencies within the Source engine or older versions of Vista (prior to the Service Packs 1 and 2), and not due to hardware limitations.
 * Chargers might occasionally ram players into bushes or other obstacles, causing them to get stuck indefinitely until they are killed. This may even happen on solid ground.
 * In Versus mode, if another player charges past you as the Charger when you are not spawned yet, you will stumble as if you were spawned at the time.
 * If a Survivor dies while in an elevator, such as the one in the first chapter of Dead Center, the elevator will descend but the survivor will not. If the elevator starts moving and the survivor is revived while ascending, the survivor may re-spawn on top of the elevator. However, the game will quickly take notice, and will spawn you with your team shortly.
 * It is possible for 4-5 of the same Special Infected to spawn at the same time in Campaign mode. This is currently unconfirmed for the Tank and Witch.
 * Rarely in The Concert, the final horde and a Tank will spawn as soon as you start the tape, and the rescue helicopter will instantly spawn at one of the two stationary points for pick-up. This has also been reported to happen during The Plantation finale, where the gate will be broken down as soon as you call for rescue from Virgil. It also happens during the Atrium Finale where the final horde and endless Tanks show up once you exit the elevator. Even if you gather all 13 gas cans and gather the survivors by the car, you can't complete the finale, and this bug will recur if all the survivors are killed, forcing you to return to the lobby and restart the campaign.
 * If you are rammed by a Charger into a temporarily unmovable object (e.g. a Survivor who is healing) the Charger will stall for a second, then run backwards, still carrying you, until a medium distance away from the group of Survivors. It will then pummel you normally.
 * Sometimes on Dead Center: The Hotel, the Survivors will still use their friendly-fire sounds from before they introduced each other. Ex: Rochelle will say "Hey, what's your name, don't shoot me!" despite knowing everyone else's name.
 * If during the Atrium Finale, once the car is full if the Survivors fail to escape and at least one Survivor is incapped on the podium with the car, the game will show the beginning of the escape scene while playing the death music, the scene will stop once it reaches the slow motion part. After a short while the game will reload the Safe Room except the game will still be in slow motion.
 * If you create your own server in the Atrium Finale in Dead Center and skip the elevator by noclipping, it is possible to start the Finale by pressing the use key on the Information stand near the car, though the Finale has been started the finale will behave strangely. Sometimes when you get all the cans into the car, it wont do anything. Other times, it will behave as normal. (Confirmed on PC and XBOX using a different method)
 * It is possible to get past the downed air plane in Swamp Fever without ever triggering the alarm. If you walk the length of the plane to the back rows of seats there is a large gash on the right side. On the far side of the gash crouch and walk towards the hull you will be partially outside the plane. Now if you stay crouched and jump you should make it to the roof of the plane and from there able to jump down with no alarm ever going off. This can be difficult to accomplish.
 * On Survival in The Parish at the bus depot, it is possible to get on top of one of the buildings to avoid Common Infected. When you start and turn around to go to the fence adjacent to the starting point, there is a corner with trashbags and three pipes on the wall. Continuously jump in the corner until you are on the object. Shimmy over and jump on to one of the pipes, then the next, the next, and then to the roof.
 * The Charger does a tiny bit of damage to anyone who is near the Charger while it is charging. It is possible to be incapacitated by this, and a couple of strange things can happen:
 * You will be thrown away normally, but you will "bump" up and down while doing so.
 * You will get up, but when the animation finishes, you will be instantly incapacitated.
 * A Pistol can be in a fixed position between the feet of the survivor, this occurred while the Survivor was wielding a melee weapon. The Pistol cannot be picked up. (very rare) (unconfirmed on 360)
 * Occasionally items in a metal storage truck can be pushed through the bottom of the truck by a Jockey crouching on the item. Also, just melee attacking it as any other infected can cause an item to move and sometimes teleport short distances away. Accomplished with the Oxygen tank and the Defibrillator. (unconfirmed on 360)
 * On the PC, while in a local server, switching to third person shoulder can cause your melee weapon to become invisible. The weapon can still be used properly, although you do suffer from character model issues. E.G. your arm goes the wrong direction and inside your body when you pick up a weapon.
 * There is a very strange glitch on the 360 version (untested on PC) where if you get hit by a tank while changing from your melee weapon to your gun, you will be stuck with your melee weapon until hit by a tank again.
 * If someone else on the other team votes on kicking a player, you will be able to see a vote passed and failed window. This is unpredictable, and will show random things in the window. (Such as "Vote passed! Kicking player - Unnamed, then changes to the actual name of the player on the other team.)
 * On the 360, if you are being pummeled by the Charger whilst you have a Hunting Rifle equipped, if you click in the right stick you will be able to view through the scope of your rifle in the direction which the camera is facing. This has not been tested on the PC or with a Sniper Rifle.
 * In Left 4 Dead 2 (For PC), Survivor's heads and Special infected are either completely invisible, or hardly visible (depending on the lighting).
 * If you jump on a certain vending machine in The Mall, you will instantly die.
 * In survival mode you can get a Grenade launcher have another person jump on a ledge above you, shoot then with a grenade and they will fly about 50-100 feet to an inaccessible area, earning you a easy gold medal. This glitch has not been fixed.

Fixed bugs
The following is a list of bugs that have been mentioned as being in the game, but need confirmation as to whether or not they are still in the game as of the most recent patch. These can be discussed on the talk page.
 * Cr0wning a witch (even without incendiary ammo) can occasionally render her invulnerable (extremely rare). Fixed on 12/1 update. (PC)
 * Power Shot: you are able to fire the entire magazine of an Assault Rifle or Submachine Gun in one second. Fixed on 9/22 update.
 * "Molotov replication" - A molotov glitch involving a gas can. This can give you infinite molotovs and can be very useful in a Crescendo Event or a finale. Fixed on 9/22 update.-Appears to be usable on Xbox360.
 * Sometimes a Common Infected can be glitched and will become invincible which means it cannot be killed and it will continue to attack you. To get rid of the glitched Infected, trap it inside a place and close the door so it can't get out. Melee attacks are useful at this.
 * After the battle with the horde at the elevator in The Hospital level, if a Survivor managed to become incapacitated inside the elevator for any reason and was revived once the elevator had been activated, they were left behind. The elevator would rise but they would not. They would also have been unable to leave the elevator shaft, and have been easy prey to any other Infected.
 * Also in The Hospital's elevator, if you jumped enough you could fall through the elevator to your death. This has been prevented by not letting you jump at all.
 * Throwing a propane tank, a gas can or an oxygen tank at anyone while in the elevator in The Hospital would cause them to fall through the floor, often falling to their death.
 * If you throw a propane tank at a Witch and shoot it, the Witch will disappear but you can still hear her crying.
 * Switching weapons while using your melee attack would allow you to attack faster than normal.
 * Hitting the minigun repeatedly with your melee attack and jumping onto the minigun would launch the player a certain distance, depending on the number of times you hit it. By using this glitch, it was possible to skip decent sized chunks of many maps, including the forklift crescendo in Death Toll and the door in No Mercy, as well as get to out-of-reach places.
 * "Grenade Spamming" - If you tossed either a Pipe bomb or a Molotov, then immediately picked up another, you could continuously spawn new grenades. This was very useful against hordes.
 * "Ghost Scratching" - You're able to claw a Survivor while still selecting a spawn point in the game, and they cannot defend against it at all. (Now you spawn near the Survivors, not on them.) Fixed on 9/22 update.
 * In Left 4 Dead 2, there is a way to have more than four Survivors. You must first have a defibrillator and dead Survivor. Go to a rescue closet, and the second you open the door to the closet, start to revive the dead Survivor. You will bring back two at the same time. This can be repeated as long as you have defibrillators.(Now when you save the Survivor in the closet, their corpse disappears.)
 * In Left 4 Dead 2, after you are knocked back by something like a propane tank going off at point blank, you could Change weapons as fast as you can, and you could Skywalk not stopping untill you hit a wall or something. It is now patched