The Witch

"Rochelle...that ain't you, is it, girl?"

- Coach "Hear that Witch? I'm gonna give her something to cry about."

- Francis

The Witch is a Special Infected that can instantly incapacitate or kill you, if you startle her. She is also the only non-playable Special Infected.

Summary
The Witch is highly sensitive to light and the close presence of uninfected humans. Shining a flashlight on a Witch or approaching too closely will "startle" her and trigger an attack. Hitting her with any damage has the same result. She is completely unresponsive to Infected and the passage of nearby bullets.

When alerted to the presence of an uninfected human or flashlight, she will look in the Survivor's direction and make a low warning growl: this signals an incipient attack. If the Survivor backs away, switches the light off or moves quickly out of her presence, she will settle back into a passive state after about half a minute of inactivity. However, if the threat persists, she will launch an attack directed at the Survivor who "startled" her at great speed, singling out the person who provoked the attack. She is able to incapacitate her victim instantly whereupon she frenziedly slashes that person with her clawed hands, only stopping if either she or the victim dies.

If she is still alive after killing her victim, she will run off sobbing out of sight. She will also display this behavior if she becomes frustrated (e.g a Survivor outrunning her or in a spot where she can't go).

Killing a Witch is not always required since players can often sneak around her or wait until she wanders away from their intended path. However, if she is immobile because it is dark and it is not possible to go around her (i.e spawning in a narrow hallway that must be passed), she must be killed.

Appearance
A Witch's physique is that of an extremely thin young woman with pale skin, shoulder-length platinum-blonde hair, sunken red eyes and a bloody mouth full of sharp teeth. She is only clad in the remains of a tattered white tank top and a pair of white panties, and like most Special Infected, she does not wear any shoes. Her most distinctive features are the twelve-inch-long, bloodstained claws her fingers have grown into. Her knees and feet are stained with dirt and blood. Oddly, the Witch in the games is portrayed as flat-chested, while in "The Sacrifice" comic they have considerably larger breasts. However, this may be for gameplay related purposes.

Extent of Mutations
Though it is not specifically clear as to how the Witch mutated into a Special Infected, one theory states that the Witch has been heavily mutated by a strain of The Infection, in terms of physical strength rather than appearance. Though resembling a typical female Infected, she has sharpened elongated fingers that are similar to the condition of arachnodactyly (which often accompanies Marfan syndrome). In an interview with Chet, he claimed that the Witch had a strange attraction to the smell of sugar, which explains why there are a large number of Witches near The Sugar Mill in Hard Rain, although this may be due to hunger or other factors caused by the Infection. Her choice of attire when compared to other Infected could indicate a raised body temperature such as a fever, which could also explain her sluggishness, constant signs of distress, irritability, and sensitivity to light and sound. The Witch may have attempted to remove her clothing herself, as it appears as if she cut the clothing up herself.

Despite her petite figure, the Witch has incredible strength and stamina, enabling her to instantly incapacitate or kill Survivors in one hit, depending on the difficulty level. Needless to say, great care is vital on Expert difficulty or Realism (Normal or higher), as she can kill a Survivor in one hit regardless of their status. She is known to cry when not aware of the Survivors, although the reasoning behind it is unknown. It's likely she is incredibly depressed - a symptom that could accompany her loss of sanity. Another theory is that the virus has not taken full control and she knows she is a monster, causing her depression, and when a Survivor gets too close or turns a flashlight on, etc., the virus starts to take over. It could also be an evolutionary advantage, meant to lure unsuspecting Survivors to her, as further demonstrated in the Left 4 Dead Intro Scene, when Bill and Zoey go to investigate her crying, thinking she may be a Survivor.

Even though her mentality is largely similar to that of the typical Infected, she is not distracted by things like the flashing lights and beeps of a pipe bomb. She is also not apparently attracted by things such as car alarms going off, although this will alert her of the Survivors' presence. Oddly, she glows red in dark areas, possibly due to her glowing eyes. It is also unknown whether or not the Witch is extremely thin because of the Infection (weight loss due to starvation) or if this was her body shape before the Infection took place.

General Information

 * It is a widely held belief that it is often not worth starting a fight with a Witch. However, she is often unavoidable, sometimes spawning directly in the path of the Survivors with no alternative route. The Director will sometimes give a sign that a Witch has spawned on the map; there is a split second where a faint chord of the Witch's theme will sound, after which her crying is audible.
 * However, this doesn't happen in Left 4 Dead 2, although the Survivors will be able to hear her even if the music is not heard.
 * She can and will appear on every difficulty and level, usually once per level. In some rare cases, she may appear twice in a level (excluding The Sugar Mill in the Hard Rain campaign due to her attraction to sugar). Her first strike on any Survivor will incapacitate them, after which she will pause and then begin ripping them to shreds.
 * An exception to this is on Expert difficulty or in Realism mode (as long as it is not on Easy), and specific mutations, where her attacks instantly kill them instead.
 * Because of her instant incapacitation power, playing with no bots/players is very dangerous, as nobody is there to help you up. It is recommended you have teammates with you when you attempt to kill her.
 * While running towards her target, nearby Survivors will be pushed back. If she cannot reach them because the pushed Survivor is still blocking her, she will attack them instead.
 * After her target is dead, the Witch begins to run around screaming and covers her head with her hands, seemingly to escape further hostility. She will still attack anything in her way, pushing Survivors back if they run into her. Try to get out of her way as she will attack the Survivor blocking her if they continue to block her way.
 * If you run past the Witch when she is not facing you, you will hear a quick gasp. This means she knows you're there but will not attack unless you stay near her.
 * The Witch will stare at whoever is making her angry before she is startled.
 * Witches cannot be shoved with melee attacks, unless the Witch is stumbled from an explosion (oxygen cans, propane tanks, explosive rounds, etc.)
 * If a player gets within close range of the Witch, she will instantly go from moaning and weeping to groaning loudly and angrily. Players should be aware of this as they will have very little chance of escaping her from this range.
 * Regular Witches are much more dangerous than Wandering ones. Regular ones stay in their spot, forcing the players to kill her if she is blocking the way further. In addition, when alerted to a Survivor's presence, she begins to ferociously growl, especially if a flashlight is shined on her. If the Survivor hides, she will slowly revert back to her passive crying state. Wandering Witches however, instantly revert into a crying state regardless of how angry they are before being startled if the Survivors get far enough from her.
 * If you stare at the Witch through the scope of a Hunting Rifle or a Sniper Rifle, she will sense that someone is staring at her and will start to growl, even if you're very far away from her. She will continue to growl and get angrier unless the Survivor looks away or another Survivor comes up close and shines a flashlight in her face or crowns her. This is most likely due to the Infected's heightened senses, particularly when it comes to sensing Survivors. In this case, it would be either her sense of smell or her eyesight.

The Wandering Witch
During daylight time in Left 4 Dead 2, the Witch changes her behavior: Instead of sitting in one spot, weeping, she walks aimlessly throughout the area, crying as bitterly as ever. In this state, a Witch is referred to as a Wandering Witch (also known as the Walking Witch). Wandering Witches appear only on daylight maps (excluding finales for gameplay reasons).

She is still zoned out like the original Witch, and she still cries, but has different sound effects and a new music cue. When a Survivor is near, the music cue gets more intense, as she starts growling, with her hands slowly moving away from her face. As she grows more agitated, she will stop moving and look for whoever is angering her. In this case, she typically targets the closest Survivor to her upon being startled. When she is startled, her music cue becomes the startled music cue from the first Left 4 Dead. The Wandering Witch is sometimes hard to avoid, leaving the Survivors in a situation that they must kill her to get past her. Should the Wandering Witch be touched, she will scream and immediately attack the player that touched her. It is possible to steal her aggression away from that player by shooting her when she screams, though it is not advised unless the player has explosive ammo or a molotov.



Despite the Wandering Witch's unpredictable nature, she is often easier to handle during the day than during the night. She is much harder to anger by proximity and presents a larger target, making it relatively easy to simply walk up behind her and fire a single shotgun blast to the back, killing her instantly. If one is patient, they can wait for her to pass by. However, this is not recommended on harder difficulties due to the increased rate of Hordes. The Wandering Witch can and will be startled by the same things that a regular Witch does. The only difference between the two is that the Wandering Witch walks around in daylight, and the music cue has a higher pitch.

When the sun goes down, the Witch will act the same way she does in Left 4 Dead, sitting and sobbing while waiting for the Survivors. Oddly, the Witch is significantly less aggressive during the nighttime in Left 4 Dead 2, even compared to the original game. Players can stand close enough that she looks up at them and growls, but she won't stand up or attack them unless they stand within poking distance, shine a light on her face, or attack her. In part two of The Sacrifice comic, Louis warns two soldiers guarding his and Francis' cell of the Wandering Witch's habits, advising them to keep silent and press their backs against the wall, allowing the Witch to walk past undisturbed. However, this is most likely that he had just implied what he had learned from a regular Witch, as both are generally the same in terms of avoiding. However, the Witch in the comic was not aware of the two soldiers guarding the cell, which is most likely for the story to make more sense.

Bride Witch
A second model was introduced for the Witch in The Passing where she is the bride left at the altar. Here, she is dressed in a tattered gown and veil with her loyal wedding guests surrounding her, still awaiting the groom.

She serves as the "Crescendo" event of The Riverbank, though it is possible to avoid her by sneaking past her in a one-line file.

Her behavior is still the same as stationary Witches, so the same tactics can be applied onto her. The Bride Witch can also be startled by turning on the music; she will get gradually angry and when fully startled, attack the player that turned on the music. Upon being startled (or killed if cr0wned), a Horde descends on the team.

Preparing for a Witch

 * If a Witch is heard, immediately find her location, especially against idle Witches since they pose a greater threat compared to Wandering variants. Be wary of nearby surroundings because it can "camouflage" the Witch and make her harder to spot, especially if there isn't a bot on the team. In the event that happens, use commands if you are unsure of what is ahead of you. If there is a Witch in front of you, your character will comment on her; otherwise, there will be simple commands if there isn't.
 * An alternative method is to attack (either at the ground or in the air). If you are near the Witch, she will be surprised by it and make a low growl. The player should be aware that the Witch becomes startled faster on Advanced/Expert, and that Wandering Witches are unaffected by this.
 * You'll know when a Witch is nearby due to her crying and her music cue. The Wandering Witch's music cue is higher pitched with less intensity compared to the regular Witch's music cue.
 * It is wise to have at least one Survivor armed with an Auto (Tactical) Shotgun or a Combat Shotgun, or at the very least a Pump Shotgun or Chrome Shotgun. That way, if you have no way of sneaking past her, you will have a better fighting chance against her. Shotguns have the remarkable ability to "cr0wn" Witches — kill in one head shot — whereas the other weapons cannot. However, the tier 2 shotguns are more efficient for killing Witches than the tier 1 shotguns due to their faster firing rate. There is a certain time span with which the Witch can be killed with a single shot from a shotgun and the tier 2 shotgun has a much larger duration than that of tier 1 — plus a faster fire rate adds more damage in less time if you fail to cr0wn the Witch. The Hunting Rifle and Sniper Rifle have much longer range, which can prove useful in striking the Witch from a further distance - especially if there are several terrain impediments the Witch must cross. This gives your team more time to eliminate her.
 * Note that the "Shotgun cr0wning" tactic will not work in Realism mode after the December 3rd, 2010 patch.
 * A Molotov is able to slow a Witch down slightly as well as doing damage to her. Gas cans have the same effect as lighting her on fire, though Survivors will have to shoot the gas can near her. A propane tank, when used correctly, can stun the Witch and make her stagger momentarily, as well as inflicting damage. Putting the propane tank in her running path and shooting it at the right moment can allow more time for the Survivors to shoot her. Also, throwing a Molotov at the Witch will unlock the achievement Burn The Witch. Remember that lighting her up causes to change aggression to whoever tossed the Molotov.
 * In contrast, pipe bombs and bile bombs are ill advised as it will startle the Witch and not cause sufficient damage to her.
 * Note that fire is useless in water-heavy areas as it will douse the flames but will still cause the Witch to go after the person who threw the Molotov.
 * A burning Witch moves slower and will die after 15 seconds. This can give a person who startled her a chance to get away from her and survive rather then being killed or incapacitated. This only works if a player does it at a fair distance with 40+ health; otherwise, she will be able to catch up with you.
 * This does not work for the Wandering Witch, as she will still move at the same speed.
 * There's a trick to set her on fire without startling her. To do this with a Molotov, throw a Molotov to her and go idle before it hits the ground. For the Gas Cans, throw a can near her (not at her or she will be on fire instantly before you go idle), shoot it and quickly go idle before the fire spreads to set her on fire. If done correctly, she will not be startled and will simply die without any risks to Survivors. This trick is very useful in Expert where the Witch is very dangerous. It's recommended to bind a key (Bind   go_away_from_keyboard   ) since using the menu key don't give enough time.
 * If she becomes stunned (while still crying) and the player goes idle, she will go idle again without becoming startled. This allows the team to "move" her if she was previously blocking the path.
 * In some cases, when there's a door available in your path to a Witch, which can be closed, there's a trick to kill the witch without taking any damage. First of all, place a fuel can near the door, go startle the witch from as far as possible, run past the door and close it. When the witch barges through the door, it explodes the fuel tank. So, she sets herself up on fire and will not attack you. She will die approximately after 15 seconds.
 * Regardless of your approach to the Witch problem, clear the area first if needed. When a Witch spawns, Common Infected and Special Infected will be scarce in the area that she's in, and will stop spawning for a little bit. However, the Director will start spawning the Infected again if you take too long.
 * Avoid using a flashlight against stationary Witches; they will be startled very quickly.
 * If Survivors have melee weapons, they can kill the Wandering Witch before she can incapacitate anyone on any difficulty. It is unknown if this works for the normal Witch, and was only tested with nightsticks, katanas, and machetes (the fastest weapons according to testing). It is possible to kill the Wandering Witch alone with such weapons, but relies solely on luck as you will need to avoid her first attack in order to squeeze in all four melee strikes.
 * The best primary weapons against the Witch in Left 4 Dead 2 are the Sniper Rifle, the Combat Shotgun, and the Tactical Shotgun. The Combat Shotgun with its tight spread will down the Witch. The Tactical Shotgun is also effective, but with its wide spread one needs to be close to the Witch.
 * If you have Adrenaline, take it before you attack the Witch. The speed boost will keep you out of her range until your teammates shoot her down, as long as you keep moving away from her. However, if the Witch is not killed before the speed boost runs out, she can catch up with you and incapacitate or kill you (depending on the difficulty).
 * Explosive Ammunition is incredibly useful, as it causes the Witch to stumble, allowing more time to do damage to her. This works well with weapons with large ammo clips. Shotguns can be used, but the low ammo capacity they have may not be enough to kill her before she becomes startled. This can be put into a shoving melee combo; a player fires at the Witch, and then a nearby player will shove before attacking her with a melee weapon. If you are alone, this method will can still work, although you can only attack once with a melee weapon before having to shove her again.
 * Incendiary Ammunition works just as well as they act as a makeshift fire weapon and will have the Witch focus on the first Survivor that shoots her with them. Be wary that even in water she will redirect her attention at the player who shot her with incendiary ammo even though it will be dispersed.
 * Make sure that the path isn't too narrow, because if a player/bot is blocking her way, she will redirect her anger towards that player and incapacitate/kill them.

Events/Actions that startle the Witch
A Witch will growl threateningly at first, and may also stand as a warning. If left alone, she will eventually return to kneeling and sobbing. She will only attack upon being startled, homing in on specifically the character that startled her; however, if she is blocked by another Survivor in pursuit, she will attack that one instead, ignoring her old target. There is a long list of things that she does not appreciate:


 * Touching the Witch (though on rare occasions you can actually jump on or jump past the Witch in Left 4 Dead), or standing near her for too long. The Wandering Witch has a much higher tolerance for this. Melee shoves will also startle her immediately. If a Wandering Witch is touched, she will immediately scream and attack the startler.
 * Staring at her for too long, even from a VERY far distance. This usually only applies if she is aware of your presence (such as staring at her back from far away will not startle her, because she doesn't know you're there). The Wandering Witch has a much higher tolerance for these actions.
 * If you stare at the Witch through a Hunting Rifle or a Sniper Rifle's scope, she will react the same way.
 * Explosions near her. Explosions will at first cause her to stumble, followed by attacking the Survivor who caused the explosion. If a Boomer is killed within her proximity, this will also startle her, and she'll go for the Survivor who killed the Boomer. If the Witch is not within a Survivor's line of sight, this will not startle her. You will simply hear the Witch scream, followed by sobbing. However, if a Pipe Bomb is used, even if the Survivors hides, she will get startled and attack the player who startled her, even if the player is out of sight, though it might vary depending on the range from the player and the Witch.
 * Oddly enough, AI Survivors who kill a Boomer near a Witch will not startle her.
 * Being within the Witch's "anger" proximity. Her "anger" increases when she can spot a Survivor (it does not have to be the person that got her attention). She starts off with a soft groan (lowest), then a regular groan (medium), then very loud groans (highest). As she gets angrier, the radius increases and she may target other Survivors even if they did not do anything to startle her. If you can hide yourself within her anger proximity she may focus it towards anyone else that isn't hiding, since the Witch will most likely lose sight of you and focus on others. Wandering Witches follow the same anger mechanics as idle variants but upon everyone getting out of her anger radius, she will revert back to crying rather then gradually lowering to her crying state.
 * Shooting the Witch. If a bullet hits a Witch, regardless if it was intended at other targets, she will immediately be startled and attack the person that shot the bullet.
 * In Left 4 Dead 2, Wandering Witches shot by AI will not be startled, although this is most likely an error and is done by accident, just like how the AI can shoot at an Infected and startle a stationary Witch.
 * It is highly recommended that players with shotguns switch to their secondary, as the large spread may accidentally hit a Witch and startle her.
 * Carrying a shotgun can kill her faster, but when startled it is very unlikely that the Survivor holding the shotgun will be unable to kill her before she gets to them.
 * Stationary Witches, as always, will be instantly startled if shot at. Wandering Witches will also be instantly startled if shot, lit on fire, gets hit by an explosive round to her feet, or is touched by a Survivor.
 * Setting her on fire. If any Survivor apart from the startler hits her with incendiaries (gas cans, Molotovs, Incendiary Ammo), she will refocus onto the Survivor who lit her on fire. This can help in higher difficulties to allow an incapacitated person some free space when she can easily kill them in seconds.
 * Throwing a bile bomb at the Witch. As long as it doesn't hit her, it can land very close to her, but Common Infected will not damage her.
 * Medium proximity with a flashlight pointed at the Witch. The Wandering Witch has a much higher tolerance for this.
 * According to in-game cvars, see console commands for details, one can discover that z_Witch_personal_space 100 and z_Witch_flashlight_range 400
 * In other words, a flashlight will startle the Witch at exactly four times the distance mere proximity would.
 * In extremely rare situations, other Special Infected will attack the Witch, causing her to be partially startled. This can be dangerous as she is a figurative bomb ready to pop, so the first Survivor she sees will be the one she targets. However, if attacked by a Tank, she will be killed before she attacks anyone.
 * On rare occasions, if a Witch is approached from behind, she will not immediately notice that Survivor. However, if she begins to stand and comes under large amounts of retaliating gun fire (from about three Survivors), instead of targeting the one who shot first, she will cover her head with her hands and try to run away. If she cannot escape the Survivor's line of sight, she will simply stand in a defensive position, covering her head. This sight is extremely rare since Witches are usually killed before they gain the opportunity to retreat.
 * In The Passing, playing the sound system to the right of the Bride Witch will cause her to become startled and attack the person who turned it on.

Crowning the Witch
The achievement "Cr0wned" is awarded for killing a Witch with a single shot from any shotgun. Despite the implication in the name and common FPS logic, it is actually inadvisable to aim for her head: the back presents a much easier target. As the Witch has 1000 health points and a shotgun blast does just slightly over that, every pellet from the shotgun must hit the Witch or she will only be startled (if the player is using a tier 1 shotgun they will not have time to fire a second killing shot before the Witch can incapacitate or kill them). The easiest way to do this is to walk up behind the Witch, wait for her to stand up (to give you a bigger target), and fire at point blank just before she startles. However, on higher difficulties, a single shot may not deal enough damage if aimed at her back, resulting in her incapacitating/killing you before she dies. On difficulty above Normal, though, a headshot is essential of killing her in one shot.

Many players use "crown" as a verb, meaning simply to kill the Witch with a shotgun before she can attack anyone. This includes conditions that would not result in the achievement being awarded, such as killing her with two quick shots from an automatic shotgun, a much easier proposition. Sometimes, if the Witch is cr0wned via headshot and she sees it, the game will state that she was startled.


 * Approach the Witch without startling her, preferably quickly to give you a chance to do something while she starts moving to get up. Aim your shotgun at her head (or her back) when you are in extremely close proximity. If you fire your shotgun and miss with the weapon's spray, the Witch will attack. If the Witch is approached from behind, she will even present her face as a prime target by looking over her shoulder. From there, a single blast from the shotgun will defeat her (though as a cautionary measure, always shoot more than once). If feeling particularly audacious, another tactic involves running at the Witch and shooting straight downward into her face while jumping over her. Make sure the Witch is still kneeling before attempting this, however, because if she is standing, the only thing this tactic yields is a freshly-opened chest cavity. Also note that this will not count against Do Not Disturb, as she will die before becoming startled. To get the achievement, you need to make sure every pellet from the shotgun's blast impacts her head. Some things to remember include:
 * You do not have to shoot her in the head to get this achievement. The real point of this achievement is to kill her without startling her. If multiple shotgun blasts make contact, but it never said she is startled, it will count as a cr0wn. It may be easier to shoot her in the back, rather than the head, due to a larger target area. It is possible to kill her from the front, side, or even from below if she is on a platform (as long as you are close to her - doing it from below will not work if she is much higher than you are).
 * Some players prefer crouching in front of the Witch, thereby tightening the shotgun cross-hairs and increasing the chance of getting all the pellets in the Witch's face. The only downside to crouching is that it does not let the Survivor run away fast enough from the Witch if the first couple of shots fail.
 * Don't hesitate. If you approach her and hesitate to fire, you may find she'll be startled before you attack her. If she's startled, it will be extremely hard to kill her before she gets you. However, if you try to kill her too quickly, you are likely going to miss and lose. Take your time and preferably wait for her to stand up to get a clear shot.
 * Don't panic if you miss – if you have the Auto Shotgun, usually you can still do enough additional shots (one or two) to finish the job. If you have a Tier 1 shotgun, finishing her up without getting incapacitated/killed is more a matter of luck.
 * Incendiary ammo is good for saving your teammates. If the Survivor she targets is not hit yet, use incendiary ammo to turn her attention towards you. Another Survivor can hit her with fire ammo to divert her attention again. Repeat this until she dies.
 * It's okay to be nervous while you are not experienced in Witch crowning. Practice on lower difficulties to build up confidence before attempting this on Expert. You only have about 3 seconds to crown her on this difficulty, as failure often means death.
 * The flashlight will affect the speed at which the Witch gets aggravated before being startled. If possible, turn off the light before attempting to cr0wn her, as it may mess up your timing. Don't worry if you are in a dark area; she will glow in red and you can see her with the flashlight off.
 * With an Auto Shotgun you can get in two shots if you are hasty, but you'll want to be sure your teammates are still there to get her off you before you try this (unless it's Expert difficulty, in which case you'll be instantly killed, though players with defibrillator units will be able to revive you back).
 * Practice will easily teach you when to shoot and when not to. This can be achieved in the Developer Commentary on the level The Sewer. At the very end of the level, in front of Mercy Hospital's entrance, there is a commentary node that when activated, will spawn a Witch. The Witch can be killed and respawned for an infinite number of times. This way, you can practice killing her in one shot. However, the achievement itself cannot be unlocked in "Commentary Mode". It is only useful for practice. It's important to note that she can still attack any bot teammates, and if shot with a Hunting Rifle to the head she will stumble, then attack you regardless.
 * It is possible to cr0wn the Witch with a minigun, although this may be rare, as Witches generally do not spawn near turrets.
 * If you are cr0wning with a shotgun, make sure all Common Infected in the area are dead, as they may mess up your aim, and possibly get the Witch startled.
 * This also applies to an incoming Horde or Special Infected. You can leave the area to avoid startle the Witch accidentally.
 * The Assault Rifle's power shot is still active for those who don't have the Crash Course pack for the Xbox 360, enabling you to cr0wn the Witch using this method.

In short, the basic steps for cr0wning:
 * 1) Equip a shotgun-type weapon.
 * 2) Move as close to the Witch as possible, and as fast as possible. (check for other Infected, they can potentially mess your aim up)
 * 3) Aim for an area where all the pellets of the shotgun fire is likely to impact (such as the body).
 * 4) Fire as accurately as possible before the Witch gets angry enough to attack.

Sniper Rifle/AK-47/Magnum/explosion melee
It is possible to stun Witches. A sitting Witch can be stunned via a headshot by Hunting Rifle/Sniper Rifle/AK-47/Magnum Pistol, but only while she is crying. And any Which can be stunned by explosives, such as propane tanks, oxygen tanks, pipe bombs, Grenade Launchers and explosive ammo even after being startled. Quickly, after being stunned, the Witch can be shoved by melee attacks repeatedly, rendering her completely harmless and easy target. In Left 4 Dead 2 it is recommended to have a melee weapon for this tactic since the Witch only takes 4 swings to kill. The safest way when doing this alone is to interleave meleeshoves and swings in 1:1 ratio. Bare in mind that on Expert difficulty headshots are required to be able to stun the Witch while using explosive ammo loaded in any weapon besides shotguns. Shotguns loaded with Explosive Ammo are so powerful that they can stun the Witch even by splash damage on any difficulty.

Note: This does not count as startling the Witch. Also this tactic (scoped weapon & melee) works in Realism mode, while CR0WNING with shotguns are no longer effective.

Hit & run
The best strategy for defeating the Witch relies on her established tendency to attack only the person who startled her. There are many tactics to exploit this:


 * Have a designated runner to disturb the Witch from afar while the other Survivors form a defensive line between the runner and the Witch. The runner should attack the Witch, preferably with a molotov or a gas can detonated by gunfire to ignite the Witch, or a scoped rifle if she is at a fair distance from the runner. While the runner is being chased, all the other Survivors must concentrate fire on the Witch, who generally moves in a straight line towards her target. If the runner is sufficiently far away and the other Survivors are sufficiently competent at aiming, then the Witch would be unable to inflict any damage. Keep in mind, however, that the Witch can switch targets if a Survivor other than her initial victim blocks her movement for too long. For example, she shoves you back but you are on a narrow catwalk and continue to block her path, or if she climbs something and you are right in front of her when she gets up. For the latter, no knocking back from her is needed. Also, in Left 4 Dead 2, she may change targets to a closer aggressor if the initial target doesn't attack her/does not do enough damage to her. The behavior seems somewhat similar to "threat" from MMO games.
 * In Left 4 Dead 2, the above strategy is even more effective if the runner uses Adrenaline prior to disturbing the Witch.
 * If you're fortunate enough to find her at the top of a ladder that has a space Survivors can use, use it by having the person who startled her climb a ladder and make the Witch follow. You can trap her under or above the Survivor and she can be easily picked off with any weapon (though you should be very careful with the shotgun, to avoid harming the bait). However, if with bots, they will not climb up the ladder, and it's possible for the Witch to switch targets, though if at a fair distance, you can act as the bait, in which the Witch will get killed if the bots fail to get her, but bots are unable to inflict friendly fire.
 * Fire does damage over time to a Witch, and will kill her in 15 seconds. She will do a weird swaying run at you that is slower than usual, screaming from the heat, but can still attack you, unlike normal Infected. Throw a Molotov at the Witch from as far away as you can, then run back towards the beginning saferoom (if close enough) while your allies open fire on the Witch. Also, make sure you close the safe room door behind you.
 * Attacking her with a Grenade launcher works as well, depending on your accuracy and your grenade's hit. Players must note the fact that a bad hit will cause her to instantly attack you rather then the usual stun.
 * The Witch will retreat if someone startles her and runs into the safe room at the end or at the beginning of the chapter.

Other Witch-killing tactics

 * At maximum possible distance, have your Hunting Rifle/Sniper Rifle player shoot the Witch in the head as many times as possible. One can kill a Witch by unloading a full magazine into her from the Hunting Rifle, however the larger magazine size and rate of fire of the Sniper Rifle is clearly better for taking down a Witch. It is always wise, however, to have the other Survivors around you, just in case.
 * This does more damage (as it is a headshot), but will not work with Wandering Witches.
 * As an added variant of the above, you can use a molotov, gas can, or a propane tank to finish the Witch if you are on a wide even ground. This tactic needs preparation and foresight, and works better with the regular Witch rather than the Wandering Witch. You must use Sniper Rifles for this to be effective. Lay down said items to the path in front of you, preferably midway. Set your distance. Then shoot the Witch as many times as you can. When she approaches the area where you laid down the said items, shoot those to inflict more damage. If you used Molotovs instead, keep shooting, as when the Witch approaches the fire, she'll be engulfed in flames and will be depleted of health faster. On easier difficulties, the fire or blast will finish the Witch off. If you used a propane tank, this will stumble the Witch, buying more time to finish her off.
 * Line up your team like a firing squad, within suitable distance from the Witch. Using one of the scoped rifles, a well-placed headshot will stun the Witch and knock her back before she is startled. During these few seconds of startled time, have everyone open fire on her and she will die surprisingly fast. This method is also extremely useful against Tanks if you're not using shotguns, which have an aggressive damage drop off.
 * Use the ladder to your advantage. If you startled a Witch, you can stay at the middle or top of the ladder, make sure you are beyond her attack range, then your teammates can kill her without a risk. Be careful, however, as the Witch may extend her arm long enough to reach the startler and incapitate them.
 * Using a minigun if one is nearby. It has the power to kill a Witch so quickly that she may be not able to even move from her sitting place. This is rare, however, as Miniguns are rarely seen in the game.
 * Form a square. While not that complex or daring, it is possible, with enough firepower to have her switch targets just before incapacitating/killing the player. Keep on shooting to make sure she's dead, because if one person thinks she's dead, she may strike down a Survivor. Don't use shotguns, because the wide spread will not be effective, and possibly hit other teammates.
 * A good strategy (especially on easy when the Witch has less health) is if someone has a Grenade Launcher and shoots the Witch with it. This will not kill the Witch, not even on Easy, but it will make her stumble, and give plenty of time for the team to kill her. But you can also kill her on easy with three direct grenade shots.
 * Using any melee weapon, you may be able to kill the Witch quickly by running up to her and hitting the back of her neck twice. This works well if everyone else is shooting at her while you do this (make sure that they only start to shoot it after you have already hit it the first time, otherwise it will proceed to attack whichever Survivor shot it). However, this method is in no way advised, as it usually results in the melee person being incapacitated or killed by the Witch.
 * "Using" a Tank to kill a Witch. It has been seen by some people where the Tank hits a Witch (most common with a thrown rock), killing her instantly. This is usually done by accident, however, by moving into the path of the Witch when running from a Tank.
 * Going out of the map. In some campaigns in Left 4 Dead, you can glitch outside the map, shoot her, and she will run away.
 * In Left 4 Dead, en route to The Sewers, the Witch may spawn near a destructible gasoline station near the lift that takes you to the rooftops. If the Witch is located very near the gasoline pumps, you can destroy the gasoline station and the Witch along with it. The environmental damage it causes will kill her outright.
 * Other map hazards can be exploited either to kill the Witch or buy time to kill the Witch. One such example is the cliffs in The Highway in the start of Dark Carnival. Have the startler provoke the Witch if she's down on the river. Once startled, let two players go down to shoot her while she climbs up. A third player should stay with the startler in the event that a Smoker spawns and grabs them. This is ill advised with incendiary ammo as it will cause the Witch to drop from the cliff once she finishes climbing and attack the person who shot her with it.
 * In Left 4 Dead 2, against Wandering Witches, you can use a chainsaw to kill them before they can react. On Easy, killing a Wandering Witch with this method will count as crowning.

Ineffective tactics

 * Melee shoving the Witch unless she's stunned.
 * Attempting to use anything else than a shotgun in a confined space with little means of escape will get you incapacitated or killed by her.
 * Startling a Witch from several rooftops away (especially on the Dead Air campaign) and expecting the Witch to have difficulty reaching you. However, she can climb buildings quickly out of sight, so stay cautious.
 * If the Witch has killed a Survivor and is fleeing, do not attack her. This is a waste of ammunition, and it is possible to startle the same Witch more than once by setting her on fire. Remember to stay out of her way, as she may attack you if you block her path while she's retreating. Eventually, she will disappear and respawn somewhere else in the map.
 * Closing a door on her while she's chasing you. Although the Intro Scene shows the Witch having difficulty destroying a door, she tears it down in a single hit in-game. Stopping to close a door will most likely result in the Witch catching up to you. However, it is possible to close the door while running. The only doors that are impossible for the Witch to break are saferoom doors and large freezer doors, which are only found on the Church level in Death Toll, and The Crane in Dead Air, in Left 4 Dead.
 * Using a bile bomb. It will not slow her down like when she is on fire. By the time the Horde arrives, the Witch may have already been killed or killed her victim. However, if thrown from a great distance, a bile bomb will confuse a Witch and make her retreat.
 * Blocking her path in a narrow space (such as a doorway) when another Survivor has startled her. If a Survivor is blocking the only available path to her original target, the Witch will change targets and instead attack the Survivor standing in her way.
 * Setting her on fire. If the Witch has killed her original target and someone sets her on fire, she will also attack that Survivor, although this Survivor may be able to escape the Witch due to her slowed speed.
 * Throwing a Bile bomb on a Witch causes similar results as with a molotov; the Witch will attack whomever threw the Bile bomb, even if her original target is dead. The Bile bomb DOES NOT blind the Witch, and she can kill the summoned Horde with ease.
 * Shooting her and then using a Chainsaw. The long claws of the Witch have a much more greater range then the Chainsaw itself, as using this means a quick incapacitation or death.
 * Headshotting a Wandering Witch. It will just make her angry and attack the person who did it. You can only stun a Wandering Witch with only Explosive Ammo or a Grenade Launcher.
 * Trying to get onto obstacles that the Witch can seemingly be unable to reach. She can raise her arm high enough to hurt/kill Survivors that try to do this. However, if the obstacle is tall enough she will usually attempt to climb up to you.

Survivor Bots vs Witches

 * Survivor Bots will automatically shut off their flashlight if the Witch is close. This is the only time Bots will shut off their flashlight in the game.
 * Bots will not shoot the Witch if she is not startled yet, but they will slow down and keep aiming at her if she is close. This is very useful for Witch Hunters and those who want to avoid her, as for the Witch Hunter, they can find her quickly without looking too long, and for those who want to avoid her, they can quietly skip past her or make a plan to kill her.
 * It is very much impossible to file past a Witch one by one, since Survivor Bots will most likely all follow you at the same time.
 * If you are in/on a narrow passageway or sidewalk, such as near the shed at the bottom of the elevator in The Sugar Mill in Left 4 Dead 2 and a Witch has spawned on the other side, you can either try to sneak around her, try to cr0wn her, or push a Bot into her. Note that pushing bots may not work all the time as they will typically become unpushable when nearing a Witch.
 * Occasionally, Bots will accidentally shoot the Witch and startle her. This often happen when another Special Infected or Common Infected is near her. Try to lure them away from the Witch's location so they will follow you and decrease their chances of startling her by accident.
 * However if the said bots accidentally attack a Wandering Witch, she will not be startled.
 * Walk past and move away from the Witch fast. If you stopped right after passing the Witch, Bots may not follow you even they are too near to the Witch until they startle her.
 * In Left 4 Dead 2, Bots will not get away from the Wandering Witch if she walks to them. Lead them away from the Witch fast.
 * Rarely, Bots will successfully cr0wn the Witch. This only happens when a Bot with a shotgun is very close to a Witch, so he/she will fire one or two shots into the Witch right when she is startled, killing her instantly.
 * In Mutations where the Bots only have access to melee weapons, their AI will conflict, as they will go into melee range against the Witch, but refrain from attacking until the Witch is startled.
 * Sometimes a bot will unknowingly stand next to the Witch and not move until the Witch attacks and incapacitates or kills them.
 * If a Witch spawns near a saferoom, the bots AI will conflict, moving slowly, which will then make the Witch get startled and attack them.
 * If a Witch is retreating, but has not disappeared from the area or is killed yet, be extremely cautious of any Special Infected in the area. If a "Pinner" Infected gets you, the bots will not do anything until the said Witch disappears or is killed.
 * In addition if a Witch is chasing after you and you end up being incapacitated or hanging from a ledge, the bots will not make any attempt to rescue you until the Witch flees from the area or is killed.

Non-violent tactics

 * Without touching the Witch, Survivors file past her one-by-one, each waiting for her to go from growling back to the "safe" crying state before making their move. If you don't wish to wait so long, you can try a more risky option and file past her two-by-two. Remember to turn off flashlights so the Witch isn't aggravated as quickly. Try to move when she is in a crying state and move from behind her and as far away as possible. Do not stop moving until the Witch is out of sight and possibly out of hearing range. It may be worthwhile to snipe any Common Infected lurking around her so you won't be distracted by them when moving.
 * This method is completely useless on higher difficulties, as her startle time is drastically increased and increased horde rates can cause panic in a team.
 * Another completely different way for Survivors to walk past her is to let the entire team move past very quickly. When not being attacked, the Witch has a set up time for her to be startled (which varies on difficulty). Players should be aware that the angrier a Witch gets, her startle range is also increased.
 * In rare situations, the Witch will spawn in an open doorway. If you can run up and close the door on her body without startling her, thereby jamming her in the doorway. She will get up and run away without a fight. In addition, if the Witch spawns on the opposite side of a closed door, one can open the door on her with the same result. This has been confirmed on Normal, Advanced, and Expert modes. Just keep an eye on Survivors' positions so you don't block her fleeing path.
 * If the Witch has spawned close to an environmental fire, and the Survivors happen to have a gas can on hand, a survivor can throw the gas can into the fire, then let it land near the Witch. This will make the Witch be attacked by "environmental damage", and result in her dying quickly without attacking any Survivors.
 * Another good way is to place Gas cans. By placing one close to her, and then getting another one within the range of the one placed near the Witch, it is possible to burn her up without her being startled. However, the targeted gas can's fire must not be in the range of the Witch, otherwise she will be startled.
 * A risky tactic is to run and jump over her if she's blocking a choke point such as a doorway. This is possible on Easy or Normal. This will aggravate her a lot, but if done correctly, she will not be startled. It is not advisable to do this if the Witch is in front of stairs, as it goes up, and you might end up on top of her head and startle her, unless the stairs go downwards, though this is impossible with bots.
 * Another quite useful and easy tactic is to crouch by her and repeatedly melee shove her. She will not move at all while you are doing this, and eventually will sit back down on the ground. Once she is on the floor again, she will proceed to ignore the Survivors unless shot. Valve has confirmed this was not intended, but decided to leave it in the game for humor's sake. This does NOT work on the Xbox 360 Game of the Year version. It will just make her angrier.
 * If someone startles the Witch, have them hang off a ledge. A good level is The Hospital. The game counts as the player being downed, and the Witch will just run off. If the player is helped up, she won't attack them because she thinks her target is dead. This is a good alternative to downing the player to friendly fire on expert to avoid the one-hit kill, because hanging deals no damage to the player. It will, however, lower your health once you've been helped up if you've been hanging for a long time. Another reason this tactic is preferred to attacking the startler is because the Witch cannot reach the hanger, gets confused and runs off, unlike while incapacitated, she may still proceed to attack her target on the ground. Also, you can hang off a ledge even while in a critical condition (a.k.a, black and white mode), unlike if incapacitated while in this mode will kill that person instead of downing them. Good examples of places to hang are the hospital (No Mercy), a building roof (Dead Air), a cliff-face (Blood Harvest), a ledge of an apartment or upper mall floor (Dead Center), the slide just before The Fairgrounds Crescendo Event (Dark Carnival), deep water (Swamp Fever), the top of the Sugar Mill (Hard Rain), which can be extremely helpful when heading through the many Witches, and off the top of the freeway (The Parish). However, if a Witch is startled, and a Smoker grabs you and you are playing with bots, the bots will not save you due to the Witch, as the Bots AI will conflict into finding the most dangerous thing and then the least dangerous.
 * A tactic with Wandering Witches is to simply watch her until she exits the path, and when the path is clear, you run past the Witch without disturbing her. This, however, risks the Director to think you stayed in one place for too long and may summon a Horde.
 * Theres a little chance The Witch spawn next to a door, closing the door on her while she's crying result to her fleeing the area. (This only work with the sitting Witch.)

Infected
Although you cannot play as the Witch, you can use her in your tactics:
 * Smokers can drag Survivors to the Witch.
 * Jockeys can steer Survivors towards the Witch.
 * This works especially well on the Sugar Mill, due to the extra number of Witches. (remember that there is a lower amount then the Campaign itself, about 3-4)
 * Hunters and Boomers can crouch in front of the Witch, obscuring her from the Survivors' sight. Alternately, if a Boomer is killed while the Survivors are relatively close to the Witch, the explosion will startle her, sending her after the person who killed the Boomer. It is also useful to either block her from the Survivor's view as they may not suspect a Witch behind them and will kill the Boomer and startle the Witch.
 * Spitters can protect the Witch by spitting acid near her. As instinct, Survivors will usually attempt to get away from the acid puddles quickly, which may cause them to touch the Witch or get near the Witch, which will force them to deal with her quickly.
 * If you pounce a Survivor as a Hunter while the Witch has already incapacitated someone and is attacking, you will not be damaged, and the Survivor will die twice as fast. You will also get points for the damage she inflicts, but very rarely, if a Survivor disturbs a Witch and you pounce on the fleeing Survivor, the Witch will attack and instantly kill you.
 * Some Hunter players crouch just out of sight near the Witch, waiting until a player runs up to attack the Witch, then pounce them just before they get a chance to fire. This gives the Witch the potential to do a lot damage, possibly even killing the Survivor if timed properly.
 * The Tank can throw Survivors when he punches them, which could be used to get a Survivor near a Witch. However this may be difficult considering that Witch and Tank spawns are usually not put together and his punches may launch Survivors too far.
 * Most experienced Survivor teams will have three players take up defensive positions while one goes up to cr0wn the Witch. As a Smoker, you can strangle the player who was tasked with Witch-killing just as they are about to cr0wn her. The Witch will be startled, and the Survivor is basically a sitting duck.
 * An Infected player can melee the Witch just as she looks up when a Survivor gets too close, sending her after them. Melee damage is negligible for all Infected other than the Tank.
 * Chargers can bring a Survivor to a Witch, but this requires a lot of work and proper aim. Instead, try using a Charger to protect the Witch from Survivors (auto shotgun or chainsaw-wielding Survivors.) When the Charger grabs one, the other Survivors will run to their rescue, which is prime time for a Jockey or Smoker to pull a Survivor right to her.
 * If a Wandering Witch is around in an area Survivors must go to, attempt to cause some panic near her. Survivors may hit her by mistake or move too close, attempting to kill you or your teammates and startle her.
 * Remember that the Wandering Witch's movements are erratic. Smokers and Chargers may miss bringing Survivors close to her, attempt to predict her movements and grab Survivors when she stands still or is in an enclosed area, or it is advised you use a Jockey instead.
 * If a Survivor has set the Witch growling, you can claw her, which will send her rage to its peak, making her "personal space" area much larger.
 * In the first Left 4 Dead, it has been known for several players to, as the Hunter, crouch by her, claw her until she gets startled, and leap away toward the Survivors, where she will proceed to kill the player playing the Hunter, then angrily incapacitate or kill one or two Survivors.
 * An update by Valve has given the Witch an aura colored in white for VS mode when playing as the Infected. This can help players locate the Witch more easily and plan strategies around her. The white aura will gradually change to red as she gets angrier and it becomes a full red when the Witch rages out and attacks the survivors.

Achievements

 * See Main Article: Achievements

Behind the Scenes
Originally, the Witch was to attack the entire group upon being startled. However, this was cut from the final game because it was deemed too difficult, as she would often wipe out the whole group with little trouble. Despite only attacking one person in the final game, writing about the Witch on a safe room wall reads "I once saw one tear apart 10 people!", implying that the Witch may still attack entire groups, even if she doesn't during gameplay. But if the Witch has been startled by someone and someone else set her on fire, the Witch will attack whoever did so, if she already incapacitated someone. The Witch was also featured with dark skin, black hair and black clothes instead of gray skin, white hair, and pale green clothes.

Glitches and Oddities

 * Sometimes, in No Mercy, if you startle a Witch by using a Molotov, run through the gas station then blow it up, she will sometimes infinitely stumble.
 * Sometimes, if you are in a room directly above the Witch, you will hear her growl softly like you entered her territory, despite the fact that you cannot see her and she can't see you. This happens in areas like the Crane, in the office buildings.
 * The same glitch can occur if the player is around the Witch's location but is blocked by a platform such as a wall. The Witch will be surprised by the sound and begin growling, even though no players are around her.
 * If a Witch is in a closet and you pass by, she will notice. You will hear her growl. If you stay in that area, she will continue to be angered, even though the wall is blocking her view. After 30 seconds, she will be startled and attack the person responsible for startling her.
 * When being healed by a Survivor Bot and a Wandering Witch is in the area that would startle her, she won't attack until the Bot is done healing the player.
 * When the Witch is examined up-close, it can be noted that her face was not given any facial animations like the Common Infected. This is also the case with most Special Infected, except for the Boomer, who slightly moves his mouth.
 * On rare occasions a Witch will be startled and freeze with her arms raised and her head, and will keep following the person who startled her. This will sometimes even happen after she incapacitates the person who startled her. She may also glide in the direction she was running instead, not being able to move and stopping all her animations after incapacitating the Survivor.
 * When examining a Wandering Witch, it can be noted that her footsteps are not in sync with her movement, thus making her appear as if she is 'gliding' on surfaces or 'moonwalking'.
 * In Left 4 Dead 2, never use Incendiary Ammo on a Witch if you didn't startle her, especially after the Witch incapacitated or killed her victim. Setting her on fire will make her immediately go after whoever shot her, even if she just killed or incapacitated the person who originally startled her.
 * This has been fixed on PC, but is still present in the Xbox 360 version. Cr0wning the Witch with incendiary ammo will glitch her into becoming invincible, and the bots will think she is dead and attempt to revive you while you are down. She will continue to attack until you die, but instead of running away after the player is killed, she runs around in a certain area with her arms flailing instead of over her head. If you do cr0wn her with Incendiary ammo in the Witch Hunter screen, it will show that you did enough damage to kill her (near 1000), even if you unloaded many more shots than what would do that amount of damage.
 * If a player startles the Witch and then another player gets her attention via Molotov, Bile Bomb or Incendiary Ammo, the player who startled the Witch first will continue to yell quotes about the Witch chasing after them even though her aggression has changed to the other Survivor.
 * If a Witch slashes a door that is indestructible (like a freezer door), blood will come out the door, despite the fact she didn't hit anything living, like a Survivor. However, it could be the blood from her claws that still hadn't dried, indicating that other Survivors had just come in the area. The same can happen when missing Survivors.
 * If a pipe bomb is set off right next to a sitting Witch, you will see a blood spatter and hear her scream, and she will die instantly. However, if the players go to where she was sitting, there will be no corpse. The game will also show that you only dealt about 15 damage. If you do it on a Wandering Witch, she will likely walk far enough away from the pipe bomb to not disappear, and she will attack the pipe bomber instead. If the Witch is sitting and your Pipe bomb explodes on her while she is growling, it will startle her. It is possible that this glitch occurs because Witches are programmed to be indifferent to their surroundings (including pipe bombs) until they are startled. As the pipe bomb is thrown while the Witch is not aware of the Survivors' presence, she just disappears.
 * Using a Sniper Rifle or a Hunting Rifle and shooting the Witch can cause a glitch that makes her disappear completely. Shooting her with either of the sniper weapons through a wall or floor when she is not aware of the Survivors' presence may cause her to disappear, possibly due to her being startled without being able to determine what caused it. For example, if the Survivors pass over a staircase and she is under them, shooting her through the floor may make her disappear.
 * If you throw a Molotov on the Witch and run away from her without doing damage, her body disappears even if there aren't other dead Witches on the map.
 * Opening a door on a Witch will cause her to run away instead of becoming startled. It will also not register as startling her (unless you set her on fire).
 * In the Left 4 Dead 2 version of The Sacrifice, shooting a Witch near an explosive barrel with a grenade launcher will cause her to become glitched and walk as slow as a Wandering Witch while on fire and doing her "on fire" animation, this can be used to your advantage as the Witch will only take a couple more shots to kill.
 * In a similar fashion, stumbling a Witch with an explosion from a propane tank/oxygen tank and setting her on fire from a gas can at the same time will render her stuck in an infinite loop of stumbling while burning to death.
 * An extremely rare glitch involving the Witch will make her disappear entirely. This glitch takes place at the hotel in the first level of the Dark Carnival campaign and requires the Witch to have been spawned by the stairs next to the destroyed wall, as well as at least two players having explosive ammunition. One player must have the Sniper Rifle and approach her from the upper flight of stairs. The other must have the Sub Machine Gun and approach her from the ground floor. Both players open fire at once, and the Witch disappears.
 * Another rare glitch can occasionally occur when you attempt to file past the Witch one by one. If the Witch comes close to being startled because of one Survivor, and another passes by close enough to startle her, she will become startled, however instead of attacking, she will run away with her hands covering her head, as if she had just killed a Survivor. This is most likely because the Witch actually became almost-startled at one of the earlier Survivors (who is now out of line of sight), so when she does finally get startled, it is actually at the earlier Survivor, and so she gets confused and runs away.
 * Sometimes in chapters with cars, a Witch may get stuck and be unable to move out of it unless startled.
 * The Witch, when still living, has her hair in red. However, when she dies, the hair slowly turns gray. This is most likely for players to spot her, as it would be hard for players to notice her until one gets too close.
 * This is also, possibly, an indirect reference to Joan of Arc, the redheaded woman responsible for the French victory of the Hundred Years War. She was accused by the English of being a witch, captured as part of their surrender terms, and burned at the stake. Redheads were usually prime suspects in witch hunts due to such.
 * In The Streets in Dead Center, when the Survivors are suspicious of the crying, players cannot use the button to make comments on the Witch. When a someone startles and runs from her, sometimes they will mention the Witch in their quote. The Survivors will properly address her and the other Special Infected during The Mall.
 * On Commentary Mode in Left 4 Dead, at the end of The Sewer a Witch can spawn by using the node right outside the hospital entrance. If shot at with any weapon including the Hunting Rifle, she will be put into an agitated state where any other nearby Survivor apart from the player will immediately startle her. If the player stumbles her, she will immediately attack them upon recovering, even though Commentary Mode prevents the Infected from directly attacking the player.
 * When a regular player startles a Witch, if a new player blocks her way, the Witch will attack them due to her mechanics. The game instructor will then say "The Witch incapacitated/killed you! Don't startle her next time...", even though the new player was not responsible for startling her.
 * In some Witch spawn points, she might spawn on the top of a house. This makes it easy for teams as they do not have to wait for her to leave, as she will just wander at the roof of the house or be stationary there.
 * In other spawn points, she may spawn in inaccessible areas due to programming errors (such as The Cemetery, because of the four random paths the Director can choose from).
 * Despite being a Special Infected, there are a few differences on the Witch then other Special Infected:
 * When killing her, there will be no special quotes said by the characters when they kill a Special Infected, nor when she attacks them there will be no quotes said that relate to her when the character is incapacitated, although they have quotes when she is chasing them.
 * There is no "Witch incapacitated "Player name" when she gets someone, although when she is startled it will say "Player name" startled the Witch." to all of the players.
 * When using melee weapons on Special Infected, they deal 500 damage on them. When using it on a Witch it only deals half the damage it should have done on her, but this is more likely for balancing reasons, as a player could easily kill a Wandering Witch without the fear of taking damage.
 * If a Witch is bile bombed, she may freeze up putting her arms in front of her and glide towards the responsible Survivor.
 * If a Survivor Bot accidentally attacks a Wandering Witch, they will scream in pain but will not be startled.
 * Witches seem to be capable of determining their startler even if the team is close to each other. They are also able to determine who startled them through explosives or fire even if a wall is between them and the startler. This may be for gameplay purposes since if the Witch thought a group of Survivors startled them she would easily defeat the team with little difficulty.
 * a rare glitch can occur when she is hit with a grenade launcher or pipe bomb, if hit, she will sometimes infinitely stumble https://youtu.be/16uRDy2tiis
 * If a Witch is hit with and explosion on a local server, she will scream and dissappear https://youtu.be/WvtBeYD6i24 (fact #5)
 * The Wandering Witch can "sprint" while in her idle state either forwards or backwards https://youtu.be/tpPMrXkB-RQ

Gallery
See image archive for more images...